Air and heat exchange apparatus

ABSTRACT

A gas and heat exchange apparatus comprising at least one substantially vertical elongate hollow member, a plurality of internal members spaced inside the at least one hollow member, each internal member having at least one opening, means for gas intake and exhaust in fluid connection with the at least one hollow member, means for draining the at least one hollow member and a means for adding liquid to the upper end of the at least one hollow member.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a gas and heat exchange apparatus foruse with a hydroponic growth system and in particular to one whichincreases the cooling and aeration of the water/nutrient mix whilstdecreasing the loss of liquid due to evaporation.

BACKGROUND ART

In hydroponics, water/nutrients are generally kept in a large storagetank and recycled. This liquid is often heated through conduction orthermal heating by the sun. It must therefore generally be cooled beforeit can be applied to the plants. Also generally there can be a build upof noxious gases within the storage tank. If the storage tank is sealed,then those gases may be forced into solution. This gas may bedeleterious to the plant life if absorbed.

Heat exchange apparatus, in general, are well known. In industrialprocesses, heat energy is transferred by a variety of methods, includingconduction in electric-resistance heaters; conduction-convection inexchanges, dwellers, and condensers; radiation in furnaces andradiant-heat dryers; and by special methods such as dielectric heating.

The design and testing of practical heat-exchange equipment are based onthe general principles of heat transfer. In simple devices, the vitalquantities such as average temperature difference and heat transfercoefficient can often be evaluated easily and with considerableaccuracy, but in complex processing units evaluation may be difficultand subject to considerable uncertainty. The final design of heatexchange equipment is nearly always a compromise, based on engineeringjudgment, to give the best overall performance in the light of servicerequirements.

Sometimes the design is governed by considerations which have little todo with heat transfer, such as the space available for the equipment orthe pressure drop which can be tolerated in the fluid streams.

Heat exchangers are so important and so widely used in the process orchemical industries that the principles of their design have been highlydeveloped. Standards devised and accepted by the Tubular ExchangerManufacturers Association (T. E. M. A.) are available covering in detailareas such as materials, methods of construction, technique of design,and dimensions for exchangers. Most exchangers are liquid to liquid heatexchangers, but gases and non-condensing vapours can also be treated inthem.

Already known are tubular type exchangers, and also plate typeexchangers. A tubular type exchanger generally has a first fluid flowingin tubes inside a larger fluid tight shell. A second fluid flows in theshell, outside the tubes, either cooling or heating the fluid flowing inthe tubes. This heating or cooling is generally accomplished mainly byconduction from the hot fluid to the cooler fluid through the tube wall,In plate type exchangers, metal plates, usually with corrugated faces,are supported in a frame; hot fluid passes between alternate pairs ofplates, exchanging heat with the cold fluid in the adjacent spaces. Theplates are typically approximately 5 mm apart. They can be readilyseparated for cleaning; additional area may be provided simply by addingmore plates.

Other, more practical or readily available methods of heating or coolingare also known. One such method of heating is thermal heating. In thistype of heating, fluids are stored in vessels, and the vessel is exposedto the sun. The heat energy from the sun heats the liquid inside thevessel.

Methods of cooling, similar in principle to thermal heating are alsoknown. A simple example of evaporative cooling is known, particularly inoff-road and long-distance trucking. In this method of cooling, astorage vessel is surrounded by cloth, the entire vessel and cloth thensubmerged in water, and attached to the front of a moving vehicle. Dueto the speed of the moving vehicle and the air passing by the storagevessel, now surrounded with wet cloth, evaporation takes place. Due tothe fact that evaporation requires heat energy to heat the water above aparticular temperature, heat is absorbed from the water inside thestorage vessel, thus cooling it.

The above methods of cooling and heating are not generally appropriatefor small-scale hydroponics operations. Tubular type exchangers andplate type exchangers are very expensive and require large amounts ofmaintenance. For these reasons, they are often only found in largechemical plants. They are highly complex pieces of equipment and as suchare not serviced easily by untrained operators. They require specialknowledge and training which is not generally available to an ordinaryuser. They are generally suited only for large throughput situations.

Methods of the gas exchange are also known. Particularly mass-transferoperations known as gas absorption and stripping, or desorption areknown.

In the gas absorption, a soluble vapour is absorbed from its mixturewith an inert gas using a liquid in which the sought after gas is moreor less soluble. The washing of ammonia from a mixture of ammonia andair by means of liquid water is a typical example. The solute gas issubsequently recovered from the liquid by distillation, and theabsorbing liquid can either be discarded or reused. Sometimes a soluteis removed from a liquid by bringing the liquid into contact with aninert gas; such an operation, the reverse of gas absorption, is calleddesorption or gas stripping.

The methods of gas exchange have disadvantages which are similar to theheat exchanger situation. They require special skills and training foroperation of the required equipment and as such are not used by userswithout such training. They also are expensive pieces of equipment whichare often quite large and complex and therefore are out of the budget ofsmaller users.

It simply would not be economically viable, nor practical, to use aconventional heat or gas exchanger, in a relatively small business suchas a hydroponic primary producer. Often these large-scale pieces ofequipment have their own problems, and as such would not meet the needsof a hydroponic grower.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to a gas and heat exchange apparatus,which may at least partially overcome the above-mentioned disadvantagesor provide the consumer with a useful or commercial choice.

In one form, the invention resides in a gas and heat exchange apparatus,which has at least one substantially vertical elongate hollow member, aplurality of internal members spaced inside the at least one hollowmember, each internal member having at least one opening, means for gasintake and exhaust in fluid connection with the at least one hollowmember, means for draining the at least one hollow member and a meansfor adding liquid to the upper end of the at least one hollow member.

Preferably the internal members comprise insert members. Suitably theedges of each insert member are in substantially fluid tight connectionwith the internal surface of the at least one hollow member in whichthey are located.

There may preferably be three substantially vertical elongate hollowmembers making up each apparatus. Each of the three hollow members willpreferably be the same, merely allowing more fluid to be treated than asingle hollow member.

The hollow members may preferably be connected by connecting membersdisposed at each end of the hollow members. The connecting members maypreferably be adapted to join the three hollow members to each other ina substantially fluid tight manner, The hollow members will preferablybe tubular members. The outer diameter of each hollow member willpreferably be between 50 and 300 mm The hollow members will preferablybe manufactured from a rigid, strong but light material. A preferredmaterial would be polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or plastic.

The connecting member at the upper end of the hollow members willpreferably have an elbow joint at each end of the connecting member andalso a third, T-shaped joint between the elbow joints. Each elbow jointwill preferably be attached to the first and second hollow membersrespectively and the downcomer of the T-shaped joint will be attached tothe third hollow member. Each elbow joint will preferably be connectedto either side of the crosspiece of the T-shaped member via a length ofconnecting member.

The connecting member at the lower end of the hollow members will alsopreferably have an elbow joint at each end of the connecting member andalso a third, T-shaped joint between the elbow joints. The connectingmember of the upper end and the connecting member of the lower end ofthe hollow members will preferably be substantially similar in design.

The wall thickness of the hollow members and the connecting members willpreferably be the same. It will preferably be between 1 mm and 25 mm.This wall thickness may be important in maintaining the verticalstrength of the hollow members, and also the heat flux through the wallof the hollow members.

The length of the hollow members will preferably be between 1.5 m and 10m. In order to maintain the vertical strength of the hollow members,they will suitably be approximately 6.5 to 7 m long. This will providesuitable length in which to accomplish the gas and heat exchange, but beshort enough to maintain strength.

There may also preferably be a second member, disposed inside thesubstantially vertical hollow member, to provide support. The secondmember will preferably also be an elongate hollow member, and alsopreferably be constructed of the same material as the hollow members. Itwill suitably be of a smaller diameter, and be fixed within the hollowmember in a concentric manner The second member will preferably be ofequal length to the hollow member, and terminate at both ends in a planecommon with the hollow member.

The second member shall preferably be spaced from the hollow member andheld in position by the insert members. The second member shall bedisposed substantially in the centre of the hollow member, so as todefine an annular portion between the hollow member and the secondmember. It is in this annular portion that the heat and gas exchangewill preferably take place. The ends of the second member willpreferably be sealed in a substantially fluid tight manner to preventany fluid flowing into the second member. This will force the fluid toflow preferably through the annular portion.

The orientation of the substantially vertical elongate hollow memberswhen erected will preferably be to avoid all of the members beingexposed to the sun at once. This means that the general orientation willbe parallel to the East-West movement of the sun.

The hollow members will preferably be maintained in their substantiallyvertical orientation by a support frame attached to the hollow members.This support frame will preferably be manufactured out of a light metalsuch as steel. The support frame will preferably hold the hollow membersabove the ground, at a suitable height to engage with other hydroponicapparatus. Preferably the lowest portion of the hollow members will beheld approximately at 1-2 m above the ground surface. The support framewill preferably be strong enough to maintain the vertical position ofthe hollow members even during violent storms.

The insert members will preferably be disk shaped members. They willpreferably be planar and circular, matching the shape of the hollowmembers inside which they are located. The insert members willpreferably have a central hole, which matches the outer diameter of thesecond member located inside the hollow member. The central hole willpreferably engage with the second member and the insert members will besupported by the second member.

The insert members typically have an inner edge defined by the centralhole, and an outer edge. The inner edge of each insert member willpreferably be attached to the second member. The outer edge of eachinsert member will preferably be attached to the hollow member in whichthey are located. These attachments will preferably be in asubstantially fluid tight manner to prevent any fluid flowing throughthese attachments. The method of attachment may be any conventionalmethod, including adhesive means or collar means.

The insert members will suitably be separated vertically, The insertmembers will preferably be separated by an equal spacing. The separationshall preferably be accomplished by the method of attachment to thesecond member. The insert members will be held in their position by themethod of attachment to the second member.

Preferably, there shall be at least three different types of insertmember. The first type of insert member will be located at the upper andlower extremities of each hollow member. There shall preferably be oneof the first type of insert member located at each of the upper andlower extremities of the hollow member. The first type of insert memberwill preferably be circular, have a central hole which is of a diameterto engage with the second member, and have a plurality of openings onits circular surface. The openings will preferably be holes to allow theflow of fluid through the insert member. The first type of insert membershall preferably provide an even distribution of fluid around thediameter of the hollow member.

The second type of insert member will preferably be located adjacent theupper first type of insert member. There shall preferably be 9 of thesecond type of insert member arrayed adjacent the upper first type ofinsert member. The second type of insert member will be circular, have acentral hole which is of a diameter to engage with the second member,and have a plurality of openings on its circular surface. The openingswill preferably be holes to allow the flow of fluid through the insertmember. The plurality of openings shall preferably be of two differentsizes. The first sized opening in the second type of insert member willpreferably be approximately 40 mm in diameter. The second sized openingin the second type of insert member will preferably be approximately 15mm in diameter. The two different sized openings will be alternatedaround the circular surface of the insert member.

The second type of insert member will preferably be covered by meshmember. The mesh member will preferably have openings which areapproximately 1 mm square, but may be of any size and/or shape. The meshmember may preferably be constructed of “fly screens” mesh. This meshmember will be preferably attached to the second type of insert memberto both its upper and lower circular surface. The mesh member willpreferably assist the gas exchange.

The third type of insert member will be located adjacent the lowestsecond type of insert member, but above the lower insert member of thefirst type. There shall preferably be 3 of the third type of Insertmember arrayed adjacent the lowest second type of insert member. Thethird type of insert member will be circular, have a central hole whichis of a diameter to engage with the second member, and have a pluralityof openings on its circular surface. The openings will preferably beholes to allow the flow of fluid through the insert member. Theplurality of openings shall preferably be of two different sizes. Thefirst sized opening in the third type of insert member will preferablybe approximately 40 mm in diameter. The second sized opening in thethird type of insert member will preferably be approximately 20 mm indiameter. The two different sized openings will be alternated around thecircular surface of the insert member.

The third type of insert member will preferably be covered by a meshmember. The mesh member will preferably have openings which are smallerthan 1 mm square. The mesh member may preferably be constructed of“sailing cloth” mesh. This mesh member will be preferably attached tothe third type of insert member to both its upper and lower circularsurface. The weave of the mesh member attached to the third type ofinsert member will preferably be much smaller than the weave of the meshmember attached to the second type of insert member. The mesh memberwill preferably further assist the gas exchange.

The insert members will all preferably be fixed to the hollow membersuch that the openings on the insert members are not aligned This willsuitably ensure that the fluid flowing through the hollow member doesnot have a fixed flow path. This will preferably provide a degree ofagitation to the fluid.

The insert members are preferably constructed of a rigid yet strongmaterial. Preferably the material will also be light, and as such amaterial such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or other plastic is preferred.

The means for gas intake and exhaust will preferably be T-shaped. Thevertical portion of the T-shaped means is preferably attached to theconnecting member at the upper end of the hollow members. This willsuitably position the means for gas intake and exhaust approximately 8 mabove ground level.

The crosspiece of the T-shaped means will preferably have elbow jointson either end. The perpendicular portion of the elbow joints willpreferably extend downward. At the lower extremity of the perpendicularportion, there shall preferably be a mesh cap member. The mesh capmember will preferably be dome shaped. There will preferably be morethan one T-shaped means connected to the connecting member at the upperend of the hollow members.

The means for gas intake and exhaust will preferably be manufacturedfrom polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or other plastic pipe, The diameter of themembers comprising the means for gas intake and exhaust will preferablybe smaller than that of the hollow members.

The means for gas intake and exhaust will preferably be in fluid contactwith the connecting member at the upper end of the hollow members, andtherefore also be in fluid contact with the hollow members themselves.This will preferably allow the flow of gases, particularly air, into andout of the hollow members.

The connection of the means for gas intake and exhaust to the connectingmember at the upper end of the hollow members will preferably be suchthat the orientation of the means for gas intake and exhaust withrespect to the hollow members may be changed. Preferably the means forgas intake and exhaust may be located above the hollow members, they mayalso be arrayed on an angle to the hollow members. The means for gasintake and exhaust are preferably located to avoid the intake of groundlevel heat and dust.

The means for draining the hollow member will preferably be a hole inthe connecting member at the lower end of the hollow members. This holewill preferably be in substantially fluid tight connection with anelongate tubular member leading to a storage tank or to a hydroponicapparatus Preferably the hole will be disposed towards the underside ofthe connecting member to allow draining of the hollow member under theforce of gravity.

The means for adding liquid to the upper end of the hollow members willpreferably be a system of pipes leading from a storage tank or from ahydroponic apparatus. This will allow the collection and recycling ofany water/nutrient added to the hollow members. The pipes willpreferably be constructed or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or plastic. Thesystem of pipes will preferably be operatively associated with a pumpmeans, to pump the water/nutrient from the storage tank or hydroponicapparatus to the upper end of the hollow members. At this point gravitywill preferably take over and act to draw the liquid down through thehollow members to the means for draining the hollow members.

The system of pipes will preferably be attached to the outside of thehollow members. There will preferably be only one pipe carryingwater/nutrient to the upper end of the hollow members. At the upper endof the carrying pipe, will be a T-shaped Joint which will allowsplitting of the flow of water/nutrient into separate streams, eachstream entering one of the hollow members and the liquid may flowdownward towards the means for draining the hollow members.

The water/nutrient will preferably enter the hollow members throughsubstantially fluid tight openings in the connecting member at the upperend of the hollow members. The fluid will then flow directly onto thefirst type of insert member which will have the effect of dispersing thefluid evenly about the annular portion of each of the hollow members.

Due to the pressure effect of pumping the water/nutrient into the upperend of the hollow members, air will be drawn from outside the hollowmembers, through the gas intake and exhaust means, into the hollowmembers.

This air will then be mixed with the water/nutrient as it travelsdownward through the hollow members. Mass transfer may also occur aboutany of the insert members, or in the hollow member in general.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

An embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to thefollowing drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is an elevation view of the apparatus.

FIG. 2A is a plan view of the first type of insert member.

FIG. 2B is a plan view of the second type of insert member.

FIG. 2C is a plan view of the third type of insert member.

BEST MODE

According to the embodiment depicted herein, the invention resides in agas and heat exchange apparatus 10, which has at least one substantiallyvertical elongate hollow member 11, a plurality of insert members 12spaced vertically inside the hollow member 11, the edges of each insertmember 12 being in substantially fluid tight connection with theinternal surface of the hollow member 11, each insert member 12 having aplurality of openings 13, means for gas intake and exhaust 14 in fluidconnection with the hollow member 11, means for draining the elongatehollow member 15 and a means for adding liquid 16 to the upper end ofthe hollow member.

There are three substantially vertical elongate hollow members 11 makingup each apparatus 10. Each of the three hollow members 11 is the same,both internally and externally, allowing more fluid to be treated thanthat possible by a single hollow member 11.

The hollow members 11 are connected by connecting members 17 disposed ateach end of the hollow members 11. The connecting members 17 are adaptedto join the three hollow members 11 in a substantially fluid tightmanner to each other.

The hollow members 11 are elongate tubular members. The inner diameterof each hollow member 11 is approximately 150 mm. The hollow members 11are manufactured from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or plastic.

The connecting member at the upper end of the hollow members 18 has anelbow joint 19 at each end of the connecting member 18 and also a third,T-shaped joint 20 between the elbow joints 19. Each elbow joint 19 isattached to the first and second hollow members 11, and the downcomer ofthe T-shaped joint 21, will be attached to the third hollow member 11.Each elbow joint 19 is connected to either side of the crosspiece of theT-shaped member via a length of connecting member 17.

The connecting member at the lower end of the hollow members 22 also hasan elbow joint at each end of the connecting member 22 and also a third,T-shaped joint between the elbow joints. The connecting member of theupper end 18 and the connecting member of the lower end 22 of the hollowmembers 11 are substantially similar in design.

The wall thickness of the hollow members 11 and the connecting members17 is the same. It is approximately 9.5 mm. This wall thickness isimportant to maintain the vertical strength of the hollow members 11.

The length of the hollow members 11 is approximately 6 m in order tomaintain the vertical strength of the hollow members 11. This willprovide suitable length in which to accomplish the gas and heatexchange, but be short enough to maintain strength.

There is also a second member 23, disposed inside each substantiallyvertical hollow member 11, to provide support. The second member 23 isalso an elongate hollow member, and is also constructed of the samematerial as the hollow members 11. It is of a smaller diameter, andfixed within the hollow member 11 in a concentric manner, The secondmember 23 is of equal length to the hollow member 11, and terminates atboth ends in a plane common with the hollow member 11.

The second member 23 is spaced from the hollow member 11 and held inposition by the insert members 12. The second member 23 is disposedsubstantially in the centre of the hollow member 11, so as to define anannular portion 24. It is in this annular portion 24 that the heat andgas exchange will take place. The ends of the second member 23 willpreferably be sealed in a substantially fluid tight manner to preventany fluid flowing into the second member 23. This will force the fluidto flow through the annular portion 24.

The orientation of the substantially vertical elongate hollow members 11will be to avoid all of the members being exposed to the sun at once.This means that the general orientation will be parallel to theEast-West movement of the sun.

The hollow members 11 are maintained in their substantially verticalorientation by a support frame attached to the hollow members 11. Thissupport frame will be manufactured out of a light metal such as steel.The support frame holds the hollow members 11 above the ground, at asuitable height to engage with other hydroponic apparatus. Generally,the lowest portion of the hollow members will be held approximately at1-1.5 m above the ground surface. The support frame will preferably bestrong enough to maintain the vertical position of the hollow members 11even during violent storms.

The insert members 12 are disk shaped members. They are planar, circularmembers matching the shape of the hollow members 11 inside which theyare located. The insert members 12 have a central hole 25, which matchesthe outer diameter of the second member 23 located inside the hollowmember 11. The central hole 25 engages with the second member 23 and theinsert members 12 will be supported by the second member 23.

The insert members 12 have an Inner edge 26 defined by the central hole25, and an outer edge 27. The inner edge of each insert member 26 isattached to the second member 23. The outer edge of each insert member27 is attached to the hollow member 11 in which they are located. Theseattachments will preferably be in a substantially fluid tight manner toprevent any fluid flowing through these attachments. The method ofattachment may be any conventional method, including adhesive means orcollar means.

The insert members 12 are separated vertically. The insert members 12are separated by an equal spacing. The separation is accomplished by themethod of attachment to the second member 23. The insert members 12 willbe held in their position by the method of attachment to the secondmember 23.

There are three different types of insert member 12. The first type ofinsert member 28 will be located at the upper and lower extremities ofthe hollow member 11. There Is one of the first type of insert member 28located at each of the upper and lower extremities of the hollow member11. The first type of insert member 28 is circular, have a central hole25 which is of a diameter to engage with the second member 23, and havea plurality of openings on its circular surface 31. The openings 31 areholes to allow the flow of fluid through the insert member 12. The firsttype of insert member 28 is fitted to provide an even distribution offluid around the diameter of the hollow member 11.

The second type of insert member 29 will be located adjacent the upperfirst type of insert member 28. There are 9 of the second type of insertmember 29 arrayed adjacent the upper first type of insert member 28. Thesecond type of insert member 29 will be circular, have a central hole 25which is of a diameter to engage with the second member 23, and have aplurality of openings 31 on its circular surface. The openings 31 areholes to allow the flow of fluid through the insert member. Theplurality of openings shall preferably be of two different sizes. Thefirst sized opening in the second type of insert member 32 isapproximately 40 mm in diameter. The second sized opening in the secondtype of insert member 33 is approximately 15 mm in diameter. The twodifferent the sized holes will be alternated around the circular surfaceof the insert member 12.

The second type of insert member 29 will preferably be covered by meshmember (not shown). The mesh member will have openings which areapproximately 1 mm square. The mesh member is constructed of “flyscreen” mesh. This mesh member is attached to the second type of insertmember 29 to both its upper and lower circular surface. The mesh memberwill assist the gas exchange.

The third type of insert member 30 will be located adjacent the lowestsecond type of insert member 29. There are 3 of the third type of insertmember 30 arrayed adjacent the lowest second type of insert member 29.The third type of insert member 30 will be circular, have a central hole25 which is of a diameter to engage with the second member 23, and havea plurality of openings 31 on its circular surface. The openings 31 willpreferably be holes to allow the flow of fluid through the insert member30. The openings are of two different sizes. The first sized opening inthe third type of insert member 34 is approximately 40 mm in diameter.The second sized opening in the third type of insert member 35 isapproximately 20 mm in diameter. The two different the sized holes willbe alternated around the circular surface of the insert member 30.

The third type of insert member 30 is covered by a mesh member. The meshmember has openings which are smaller than 1 mm square The mesh memberis constructed of “sailing cloth” mesh. This mesh member will beattached to the third type of insert member 30 to both its upper andlower circular surface. The weave of the mesh member attached to thethird type of insert member 30 is much smaller than the weave of themesh member attached to the second type of insert member 29. The meshmember will further assist the gas exchange.

The insert members 12 will all preferably be fixed to the hollow member11 such that the openings on the insert members 12 are not aligned. Thiswill ensure that the fluid flowing through the hollow member does nothave a fixed flow path. This will provide a degree of agitation to thefluid.

Insert members 12 are constructed of a rigid yet strong material,preferably such a material such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or otherplastic. The means for gas intake and exhaust 36 will preferably beT-shaped. The vertical portion of the T-shaped means 36 is attached tothe connecting member at the upper end of the hollow members 18. Thiswill position the means for gas intake and exhaust 36 approximately 8 mabove ground level.

The crosspiece of the T-shaped means 35 has elbow joints on either end.The perpendicular portion of the elbow joints extend downward. At thelower extremity of the perpendicular portion, there is a mesh cap member36. The mesh cap member is dome shaped. There is more than one T-shapedmeans connected to the connecting member at the upper end of the hollowmembers 18.

The means for gas intake and exhaust 36 is manufactured from polyvinylchloride (PVC) or other plastic pipe. The diameter of the means issmaller than that of the hollow members 11.

The means for gas intake and exhaust 36 is in fluid contact with theconnecting member at the upper end of the hollow members 18, andtherefore also be in fluid contact with the hollow members 11themselves. This will allow flow of gases, particularly air, into andout of the hollow members 11.

The connection of the means for gas intake and exhaust 36 to theconnecting member at the upper end of the hollow members 18 is such thatthe orientation of the means for gas intake and exhaust 36 with respectto the hollow members may be changed. The means for gas intake andexhaust 36 may be located above the hollow members 11, they may also bearrayed on an angle to the hollow members 11. The means for gas intakeand exhaust 36 are located to avoid the intake of ground level heat anddust.

The means for draining the hollow member 39 is a hole in the connectingmember at the lower end of the hollow members 22. This hole 39 is insubstantially fluid type connection with an elongate tubular member 40leading to a storage tank 41. The hole is disposed towards the undersideof the connecting member 22 to allow draining of the hollow member 11under the force of gravity.

The means for adding liquid 42 to the upper end of the hollow members 11is a system of pipes 43 leading from the storage tank 42. This willallow the collection and recycling of any water/nutrient added to thehollow members 11. The pipes are constructed of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)or plastic. The system of pipes 43 is operatively associated with a pumpmeans 44, to pump the water/nutrient from the storage tank 42 to theupper end of the hollow members 11. At this point gravity will take overand act to draw the liquid down through the hollow members 11 to themeans for draining the hollow members 39.

The system of pipes 43 is attached to the outside of the hollow members11. There is only one pipe carrying water/nutrient to the upper end ofthe hollow members 11. At the upper end of the carrying pipe, will be aT-shaped joint which will allow splitting of the flow of water/nutrientinto separate streams, each of which will then enter one of the hollowmembers 11 and flow downward towards the means for draining the hollowmembers 39.

The water/nutrient will preferably enter the hollow members 11 throughsubstantially fluid type openings in the connecting member at the upperend of the hollow members 18. The fluid will then flow directly onto thefirst type of insert member 28 which will have the effect of dispersingthe fluid evenly about the annular portion 24 of each of the hollowmembers 11.

Due to the pressure effect of pumping the water/nutrient into the upperend of the hollow members 11, air will be drawn from outside the hollowmembers 11, through the gas intake and exhaust means 36, into the hollowmembers 11. This air will then be mixed with the water/nutrient as ittravels downward through the hollow members 11.

The apparatus operates as follows: water/nutrient is pumped from thestorage tank 41 through the means for adding liquid 16 to the upper endof the hollow members 11. The liquid then falls under gravity's forcethrough the elongate hollow members 11, and whilst doing so is mixedwith the air coming in through the means for gas intake and exhaust 14.Due to the pumping action when adding liquid, air is actually suckedinto the means for gas intake and exhaust 14, and it is this air thatmixes with the liquid as it falls.

As the air coming into the hollow members 11, is generally cooler thanthe heated liquid from the storage tank 41, the liquid is also cooled.The insert members 12 act to increase the surface area of the liquid andalso to promote the mixing of (te air with the liquid. The liquid at thebottom of the apparatus is a substantially cooler and higher indissolved oxygen content then the liquid at the top of the apparatus.The liquid is then drained into the storage tank 41.

The system 10 is substantially fluid tight and as such prevents lossesthrough evaporation and also acts to recycle the liquid. The system alsoacts to strip the water/nutrient liquid of any noxious gases which maybe deleterious to plant life.

The invention has been described in language more or less specific tostructural or methodical features. It is to be understood that theinvention is not limited to specific features shown or described sincethe means herein described comprises preferred forms of putting theinvention into effect. The invention is, therefore, claimed in any ofits forms or modifications.

1. A gas and heat exchange apparatus comprising at least onesubstantially vertical elongate hollow member, a plurality of internalmembers spaced inside the at least one hollow member, each internalmember having at least one opening through which at least one fluid mayflow, means for gas intake and exhaust in fluid connection with the atleast one hollow member, means for draining the at least one hollowmember and a means for adding liquid to the upper end of the at leastone hollow member, wherein each internal member is substantially disclike with an outer edge and the outer edges of each internal member arein substantially fluid tight connection with an internal surface of theat least one hollow member in which they are located.
 2. A gas and heatexchange apparatus according to claim 1 comprising more than onesubstantially vertical, elongate, hollow member.
 3. A gas and heatexchange apparatus according to claim 2 wherein the hollow members areconnected by connecting members disposed at each end of the hollowmembers, the connecting members adapted to join three hollow members toeach other in a substantially fluid tight manner.
 4. A gas and heatexchange apparatus according to claim 3 wherein the connecting member atthe upper end of the hollow members has an elbow joint at each end ofthe connecting member and a third, T-shaped joint between the elbowjoints, the T-shaped joint having a crosspiece and a downcomer, eachelbow joint attached to a first and second hollow member respectivelyand the downcomer of the T-shaped joint attached to a third hollowmember, each elbow joint connected to either side of the crosspiece ofthe T-shaped member via a length of connecting member.
 5. A gas and heatexchange apparatus according to claim 4 wherein, the connecting memberat the lower end of the hollow members is substantially similar indesign to the connecting member at the upper end.
 6. A gas and heatexchange apparatus according to claim 1 wherein a second, rigid elongatemember is disposed inside the at least one substantially vertical hollowmember to provide support, the second member fixed within the hollowmember in a concentric manner.
 7. A gas and heat exchange apparatusaccording to claim 6 wherein the second member is disposed substantiallyin the centre of the hollow member, so as to define an annular portionbetween the hollow member and the second member, and the second memberis maintained In position by the internal members.
 8. A gas and heatexchange apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the at least one hollowmember is maintained in a substantially vertical orientation by asupport frame.
 9. A gas and heat exchange apparatus according to claim 6wherein the internal members have a central hole, the central hole ofeach internal member engaging with the second member within each hollowmember to support the internal members.
 10. A gas and heat exchangeapparatus according to claim 1 wherein the internal members are equallyspaced along the length of each hollow member.
 11. A gas and heatexchange apparatus according to claim 1 wherein each hollow member hasat least three different types of insert member, each insert memberbeing dislike, at least one first type of insert member located at theupper and lower ends of the hollow member, the first type of internalmember having a plurality of openings on its circular surface theopenings providing an even distribution of fluid around the diameter ofthe hollow member, at least one second type of internal member spacedfrom the upper first type of internal member, each second type ofinternal member having a plurality of openings on its circular surface,the openings of two different sizes, the first sized openings in thesecond type of internal member of approximately 40 mm in diameter, andthe second sized openings in the second type of internal member ofapproximately 15 mm in diameter, the two different sized openingsalternated around the circular surface of the internal member, and atleast one third type of internal member spaced from the lowest secondtype of internal member and above the lower insert member of the firsttype, each third type of internal member having a plurality of openingson openings in the second type of internal member of approximately 40 mmin diameter, and the second sized openings in the second type ofinternal member of approximately 20 mm in diameter, the two differentsized openings alternated around the circular surface of the internalmember.
 12. A gas and heat exchange apparatus according to claim 11wherein each second type of internal member is associated with a meshmember having a plurality of openings of approximately 1 mm widththerein.
 13. A gas and heat exchange apparatus according to claim 12wherein each third type of internal member is associated with a meshmember having a plurality of openings therein which are smaller than theopenings of the mesh member associated with the second type of insertmember.
 14. A gas and heat exchange apparatus according to claim 11wherein the internal members are associated with the hollow member suchthat the openings on the internal members are not aligned.
 15. A gas andheat exchange apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the means for gasintake and exhaust is in fluid contact with the upper end of the atleast one hollow member to allow a flow of gases, particularly air, intoand out of the at least one hollow member.
 16. A gas and heat exchangeapparatus according to claim 15 wherein the means for gas Intake andexhaust are T-shaped, the vertical portion of the T-shaped meansassociated with an upper end of the at least one hollow member.
 17. Agas and heat exchange apparatus according to claim 16 wherein thecrosspiece of the T-shaped means has elbow joints on either end, theelbow joints associated with a filter cap member.
 18. A gas and heatexchange apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the means for drainingthe hollow member is an opening at a lower end of the at least onehollow member, the opening in substantially fluid tight connection withan elongate tubular member associated with a hydroponic apparatus.
 19. Agas and heat exchange apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the meansfor adding liquid to the upper end of the hollow members is a system ofpipes leading from a storage tank or from a hydroponic apparatus, thesystem of pipes operatively associated with a pump means, to pump thewater/nutrient from the storage tank or hydroponic apparatus to theupper end of the at least one hollow member.
 20. A gas and heal exchangeapparatus according to claim 19 wherein the system of pipes is attachedto the outside of the at least one hollow member.